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On the Second Day of Christmas my Goddess gave to me…

two turtle doves.

aphrodite-doves-US-WU75600A4

Today we return to a goddess mentioned in our First Day…Aphrodite (also known as Venus.) Not only is the Goddess of Love associated with pears, she has a strong connection with doves as well.

While there are variations regarding the birth of Aphrodite, one myth which comes from the area of Syria states that she was hatched from a giant egg that fell from the heavens into the river Euphrates. The fish rolled the egg onto the bank, where doves gathered it into a nest and laid on the egg to keep it warm until the goddess sprang forth from it. In this version, Aphrodite is better known as her Syrian counterpart Astarte…and we do find connections between Astarte and doves as well. According to the ancient storytellers Astarte was viewed to excel in justice and uprightness, and thus by favor of Zeus (also known as Jove or Jupiter) the fish were put amongst the stars, and because of this the Syrians do not eat fish or doves, considering them to be gods.

WomanDove

Ancient artwork depicting a female deity holding a dove 

The Greeks have their own myth which explains how the dove became associated with Aphrodite. Supposedly the goddess and her son Eros were playfully competing in a flower picking contest, and Aphrodite was winning…because she had a little help from a nymph named Peristera, who was also known as Dove (the word peristera is Greek for “dove or pigeon”). Eros turned Peristera into a dove, and she thus remained ever after under the care of Aphrodite. The dove was seen as Aphrodite’s totem, and today doves are often viewed as a symbol of love…and indeed are sometimes released at weddings.

wedding doves

There are many ancient coins discovered which depict the goddess – Aphrodite, Venus or Astarte…depending on the area – with a dove:

goddess and dove coin

aphrodite coindove coin

As well as Hellenistic art:

aphrodite and ares

eros and aphrodite

By whatever name you wish to give her, the Goddess was closely connected with the dove, and worshipped far and wide…even by the Hebrews. King Solomon worshipped Astarte during that time period when the Israelites had yet to fully commit to a monotheistic religion. Astarte was sometimes perceived as the female consort to Yahwah, and portrayed as “the heavenly dove of wisdom.” However, with the radical shift towards masculinity in religion, we saw a decline in the worship of Astarte and/or Aphrodite, and the bird’s meaning began to transfer over to the Holy Spirit as a male God. Thus the dove, which once represented female sexuality and procreation, became instead a symbol of peace and purity.

Venus with doves (1879) large

Venus with Doves by William Bouguereau – 1879

Yet on this Second Day of Christmas, let us consider the ancient meaning of the dove, and its link to the Divine Feminine who gave birth to the new life that we celebrate during this holiday season.

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This post includes a sign language video of our trip to Ireland, and some “comic relief” as we talk about our experiences of the day! Sorry, the video is not captioned, but the notes underneath it should pretty much explain everything that you can’t figure out from the video itself. Enjoy, and Samhain Blessings to all! 

Last year, in October of 2011, I had the pleasure of taking the trip of a lifetime to Ireland with my travel companion D’Angel – a fellow Deaf Pagan. We stayed in the area around Kells, and visited many of the sacred sites in the Boyne Valley; including Newgrange and the Hill of Tara.

Our tour guide for this trip was none other than well know Pagan teacher and author Gavin Bone. Gavin’s knowledge of these areas added much to our understanding and pleasure, and we also enjoyed the opportunity to visit with him and Janet Farrar at their lovely Irish cottage out in the country.

This is the video that D’Angel took on October 31st – Samhain. We spent the morning visited Loughcrew, one of the sacred sites near Kells, and then that night went to Tlachtga to participate in the Samhain ritual there.

You will see some signing in this video. It’s not specifically captioned in regards to what we are saying, but I think you will be able to get the gist of the main content of the video. D’Angel does add captioning to explain certain places and items, so you won’t be completely befuddled.

I have typed up notes about the video underneath, so you can read and get more information what you’re seeing here. Hopefully this will help as well.

Please feel free to leave a comment if you have specific questions, concerns, etc.

I think you will see that Ireland is a beautiful country. It was still very green while we were there – not a lot of fall colors like we are accustomed to here in the United States. The weather was fairly cool, but there was no snow…Ireland doesn’t get a lot of snow in most of the country. It was quite windy, which is common for Ireland. It did rain a little while we were there – including a major downpour on this particular day that caught us while we were out in the middle of a cow pasture looking at ancient tombs.

And yes, D’Angel did fall in the mud coming down that hill. She has never forgiven me for laughing at her.

Irish breakfasts tend to be quite hearty, to say the least. Because we were staying in a B&B, we didn’t have a whole lot of control over the menu, so it tended to be the same thing every morning. There would be a bowl of Irish oatmeal (steel cut oats!), followed up with a plate of eggs, Irish bacon (which tends to look and taste more like ham than our typical American bacon), sausages, blood puddings, and a broiled tomato. Blood puddings are not as yucky as they sound…they don’t taste bloody, although blood is an ingredient in the making of them. I didn’t think they tasted bad, it was more the texture of them that I didn’t care so much for…the meat and blood is mixed with various grains, and so they have a grainy feel to them. I would have to try them again cooked somewhere else to get a real good idea of whether I really like them or not. One also gets a plate of scones and some slices of homemade Irish brown bread or soda bread. This is definitely not a breakfast for people on a diet, but it does fill you up and keeps you satisfied for the day. Since Ireland is a strong agricultural country, this would be the breakfast of farmers and country folk who needed such a meal for the day.

We saw a lot of farms while we were driving around; lots of cows and sheep. I even saw a farmer with his dogs herding sheep. Horses are also common in Ireland…we passed by a number of stables and horse farms, and even a gathering of riders getting ready for a fox hunt. Fox hunting is popular in the area around Kells (no, they do not kill the fox).

In the morning we went to Loughcrew, another ancient site with a number of cairns (passage tombs) dotted around the area. These sites are known as passage tombs because 1) they have passageways that lead into the main chamber, and 2) they were believed to be places of spiritual significance in the celebration of the passage of life and death, as well as the astrological passage of the sun and thus the seasons of the year. As we began hiking up to Cairn T, which is the main tomb, it was very windy and it looked like it was going to rain…

And it did.

Not just a little sprinkle…it poured. While my upper body stayed nice and dry thanks to the Lands End coat I bought with my sistah Crystal, my jeans got soaked and my hair was sopping wet. At least I got it cut short right before I left on the trip, so it would dry quickly and be easy to style. We entered into the cairn and were happy to get out of the rain! This tomb is laid out similar to Newgrange. There are alcoves with carvings. Again, there is an astrological component to this tomb – the entrance is aligned so that the rays of the sun hit onto the main alcove and light up its carvings on the Spring and Autumn Equinoxes (March 21st and September 21st). It is clear that these ancient people had a strong relationship to the sun and the solar season, and thus the solstices and equinoxes were important to them.

The Irish name for Loughcrew is Sliabh na Cailli, which means “mountain of the hag.” The legends say that these hills and their tombs were created when a giant hag, walking across the land carrying stones in her apron, tripped and dropped some of the stones. Again, we do not know what the carvings mean, but they obviously had some significance to these ancient peoples.

Afterwards we walked back down the hill in the slippery mud and grass. Because I had good hiking boots on I did not fall…but others did, including D’Angel – who fell twice and ended up with mud all over her ass. Then we went – dripping wet and mud covered – to a nearby pub for lunch. They didn’t even bat an eye as we walked in. They served us pots of hot tea (everyone drinks tea in Ireland!) and we had a delicious lunch. I really liked the pub, it had a strong Celtic feel to it and was decorated with celtic knotwork, etc.

Because of the weather we didn’t do our afternoon part of the tour; instead everyone went back to their B&B to shower, change clothes, and get ready for the evening’s Samhain celebration. First we went to another pub for dinner – a place in Kells called Jack’s Railway Bar. Good food. Then we all drove to the nearby Hill of Ward for the Samhain celebration.

Samhain (pronounced sow (rhymes with cow) – wen (rhymes with when) ) is the Celtic version of Halloween. However, it’s celebrated much differently from the usual “trick or treating” that most of us are familiar with. It is one of the most sacred of the eight Sabbats in the Pagan Wheel of the Year, and in some traditions is viewed as New Year’s Eve as it ushers in the start of a new year on the Wheel. It is a time for honoring our ancestors and paying attention to the messages of the dead – for the veil that separates the living world from the Otherworld is said to be lifted at this time.

The Hill of Ward is also known as Tlachtga. Tlachtga was an ancient fertility goddess. The hill is said to be sacred to Her. While the Hill of Ward tends to be overshadowed by its more famous counterpart – the Hill of Tara – it is actually at Tlachtga that the ancient Samhain bonfires were lit and celebrations took place. These celebrations have been brought back to life thanks to the efforts of Janet Farrar and Gavin Bone, along with others in the area. About 200 – 300 people attend the Samhain celebrations. Interestingly, most of these people are NOT Pagan – they come out of curiousity or simply to honor the Irish legends and history. Whether or not you are Pagan, the old Irish myths are still very important to the people of Ireland, and they take great pride in them.

First everyone gathered in the park, where Gemma of White Gables taught us the various chants/songs. I didn’t catch all of them, but the one that I already knew goes “Hoof and horn, hoof and horn, all that dies shall be reborn. Fire and rain, fire and rain, all that dies shall live again.”  Then everyone hikes around a mile to the Hill of Ward itself. Along the way we can stop at an ancient well, where the witch sits to proclaim the prophecies of the new year. Once we got to the actual circle, we made our way up to the front and watched.

This was not a true ritual in the concept that we know it…rather, it is more of a celebration of Samhain. Gemma shared the story of Tlachtga and reminded us of the power of the Goddess and how we should be thankful for all the gifts She has given to us. Then at the end of the rites, the bonfire was lit. It was a nice ceremony, although it was difficult without an interpreter for D’ and I to truly understand everything that was going on. It would have been nice if we could have actually participated. In all fairness, Gemma had approached me on this, but I was so busy with things going on in my life (buying a new house and trying to get moved in before my trip), that I really didn’t have the time to follow up on this idea. Nevertheless we enjoyed ourselves.

After the rites, we set off “candle balloons” – paper balloons that have a candle sort of thing inside them, which makes them expand and then lift up and float away in the air. I lit a balloon in honor of the Deaf Community and set it off with wishes for greater awareness, accessibility, and acceptance for Deaf people everywhere.

You will notice I am wearing my special Sabbat robe, which is handmade from silk fabrics with beads and embroidery. It felt very special to wear it for this night.

On the way home we were saddened to see that some local hooligans had decided to create havoc and had actually set fire to a vacant house in the town. The police and the fire department were out and about, and we were forced to have to take a different route to get home. How sad that some people have to use this night to do such destructive things…there’s not reason for such.

But celebrating Samhain at Tlachtga will definitely be one of the great memories of my life as a Pagan, and my journey to Ireland.

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This week witches and muggles alike will be celebrating the second Full Moon of the month – what has come to be known as a “Blue Moon.”

But is August’s second full moon truly a “Blue Moon?”

Well…that depends on which definition you choose to go by.

Modern-day folklore defines a Blue Moon as being the second full moon which occurs in the same month – thus under such a definition, this Friday’s full moon would indeed fit the description.

However, if we go by the original Farmer’s Almanac definition, which definitely has Pagan undertones to it…then we have to reconsider.

According to the Farmer’s Almanac, a Blue Moon is the third full moon in a season of four full moons. The seasons of course being Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter. How are those seasons marked? From equinox to solstice, solstice to equinox. So the Spring season would be the time from the vernal equinox on March 21st to June 20th; the Summer season would be from the summer solstice on June 21st to September 20th; the Fall season would be from autumnal equinox on September 21st to December 20th; and the Winter season would be from the winter solstice on December 21st to March 20th. (These dates can be approximate since the equinoxes and solstices vary a bit from year to year, but this is the general rule of thumb.)

Each of the seasons encompasses three months. During those three months, one generally has three full moons, one occurring each month. The first full moon of the season is the first one that occurs after the start of that season (equinox or solstice), and is known as the early moon. The second full moon is called the mid moon, and then the final third moon is known as the late moon.

Now if a fourth full moon occurs within the same season, then that fourth full moon is called the late moon. So what happens to the third full moon of the season?

That’s the moon that gets called a Blue Moon.

To explain this better…the first full moon that occurs on or after June 21st would be called the early summer moon. This moon would likely occur in late June or early July, although occasionally it can occur in the later half of July, depending on when June’s full moon took place. Then the second full moon would be the midsummer moon, which generally takes place the end of July or beginning of August, although again it could occur in mid-August. The third and final full moon would occur before September 21st – either in late August or in the first half of September. This moon would be known as late summer moon.

If there was a fourth full moon which occurred before September 21st, that moon would be known as the late summer moon, and thus the third full moon would then be called the Blue Moon of the Summer season.

Now, using the above definition, let’s see if it applies to this year’s season:

The first Full Moon of the Summer season occurred on July 3rd. This was the early summer moon. The second Full Moon of the Summer season occurred on August 1st/ 2nd (depending on your time zone). This was the midsummer moon. Then we have another full moon in August occurring on the 31st. So is this a blue moon…or the late summer moon of the Summer season?

Well, if we take a look at the next full moon occurring after this Friday…it doesn’t happen until September 29th/30th (again depending on your time zone). This is after the autumnal equinox, when we have moved into the next season – the Fall season.

Note that this calendar is in fact using the modern folklore definition and does refer to the August 31st full moon as a “Blue Moon.” However, if we follow the Farmer’s Almanac definition, this would actually be incorrect, since it’s not a seasonal third full moon. 

Thus, we do NOT have four full moons in the same season, and therefore we do NOT have a blue moon.

Yes, we have 13 moons. Yes, we have two moons happening in the same month. No, we don’t have a Blue Moon.

Under this definition, the next actual Blue Moon will occur in 2013, when we have four Full Moons during the Summer season: June 23rd, July 22nd, August 20th, and September 19th. Note that we do NOT have two full moons occurring in the same month; but because we do have the four full moons happening, the August 20, 2013 full moon would be the Blue Moon, so that the September 19, 2013 full moon would be the late summer moon.

Confusing, eh?

Now to throw yet another wrench into the wheel, there’s a whole new issue that comes into play here… which has created some conflicting thoughts for me and perhaps others as well:

Exactly ***when*** do you consider the seasons to start and end?

Some Pagans (including myself) subscribe to the belief that the seasons actually begin and end at the Greater Sabbats – the cross-quarter days, as opposed to the solstices and equinoxes.

In another words, Spring actually begins at Imbolc on February 2nd, Summer starts at Beltaine on May 1st, Lughnasadh on August 1st marks the beginning of Fall, and then on November 1st with Samhain we welcome the season of Winter. The equinoxes and solstices thus mark the middle of the season, not the beginning of it (i.e. June 21st becomes Midsummer, as in Shakespeare’s famous play of the night’s dream).

So if you follow such a belief system, then how does the Blue Moon theory fit into such?

I can’t help wondering if this in fact has something to do with the modern folklore switch to calling the second Full Moon of the month a Blue Moon – it is certainly a lot easier to simply think of Blue Moons in such a manner than to get into a prolonged discussion of seasonal beginnings and endings.

If in fact I was to follow my cross-quarter days rule of the beginning of the seasons occurring at the Greater Sabbats, then the early summer moon would have been May 5th, the midsummer moon would have been June 4th, and then the late summer moon would have been July 3rd. Then the next Full Moon was on August 1st/2nd, which marks Lughnasadh and the beginning of Fall.

Then for the Fall season, you have the early fall moon on August 1/2, the midautumn moon of August 31, then you have a full moon on September 29 and another full moon which occurs shortly before Samhain on October 29th. Thus the October 29th full moon would be the late fall moon, and the September full moon would in fact be considered a Blue Moon.

Have I gotten you into a tizzy yet???

But regardless of what definition you wish to utilize, or what seasonal directives you follow… this Friday’s full moon is sure to be a special one. So use it as a time to celebrate. Pour yourself a glass of mead…or if you prefer, pop open a bottle of Blue Moon beer. Light a few candles, call forth the Goddess, and see this as a time for working some powerful mojo.

Just be sure to enjoy it.

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Last October, I was honored to be able to join Janet Farrar and Gavin Bone in celebrating the Sabbat of Samhain at the Hill of Ward in County Meath, Ireland. Both Janet and Gavin have played a key role in resurrecting the ancient rites of lighting the Samhain bonfires at this sacred site.

The Wheel of the Year turns on. This week I will be celebrating another Sabbat, as we prepare to welcome back the sun at Yule, also known as the Winter Solstice. I won’t be in Ireland this time, but my thoughts will be of Eire as I light the candles on my altar…and especially of another sacred site that plays an important role at this time of the year.

Many people are familiar with the famous solstice celebrations that take place at Stonehenge, near Salisbury in southern England. However, there is another solstice site that predates Stonehenge and is even older than the Great Pyramid in Egypt.

That site is Newgrange, one of several passage tombs to be found in the Brú na Bóinne complex on the banks of the River Boyne, also in County Meath, Ireland. A popular tourist site, Newgrange is considered one of the most important megalithic structures in Europe.

During my trip to Ireland (a birthday present to myself), I had the pleasure of visiting Newgrange along with Gavin and my travel companion, fellow Deaf Pagan D’Angel. Together we learned about the history of Newgrange; touched the various carvings on the stones which surround the tomb; and then walked sixty feet along the narrow passageway to stand in the main chamber in the center of the mound itself.

One of the key aspects of Newgrange is its alignment with the rising sun at the time of the Winter Solstice. For approximately seventeen minutes on the morning of the solstice, the sun shines in through a special window directly above the main entrance to the tomb, known as a “roofbox.” The rays of the sun travel along the passageway into the main chamber itself, illuminating it with light. Although solar alignments are not uncommon with passage tombs (indeed, we visited other sites with such alignments), Newgrange is unique in that it is one of only a handful of tombs that has such a roofbox. The alignment of the chamber to the rising solstice sun is considered to be too precise to occur merely by circumstance, suggesting that the seasonal solar rhythms were of great importance to the ancient peoples of this area.

I first wrote of Newgrange and the Winter Solstice here at the Crossroads during my Yule Series four years ago, in “Chamber of the Sun.”  Even then I was fascinated by this site, and I stared intensely at the various photographs which depicted the tomb, the ancient stones and their carvings, and the rays of the sun entering the chamber. Such pictures only fueled my determination to some day stand inside this chamber and view those carvings for myself.

Ocean and D’Angel in front of the entrance stone to Newgrange. Directly above our heads can be seen the roofbox, through which the winter solstice sun shines down the passageway and into the main chamber of the tomb.

(photograph by Gavin Bone) 

To actually achieve this goal was an experience I will cherish for the rest of my life. There is a special energy at Newgrange…it is hard not to feel its awesome power as you touch the carvings on the stones which surround the tomb. To think that these carvings were done thousands of years ago –  before the time of Christ or even of Moses and the Exodus. What stories could they share? What wisdom do they possess? These ancient stones called out to me, beckoning me to touch them…and I found it impossible to resist.

Ocean touching the carvings on a stone at Newgrange

(photograph by Gavin Bone)

But the most memorable event of my visit to Newgrange occurred within the main chamber. After leading us into the chamber itself and explaining a bit about it, our tour guide then treated us to a re-enactment of the solstice sun itself. First all of the lights inside the tomb are turned off, and we stand silently in the pitch blackness, unable to see anything. It is a very solemn moment as I compare this to the darkness of the midst of winter; the darkness of the womb of the Goddess. In this moment I can face my deepest fears and find my own personal power.

And then it comes…with a flick of a switch, a light bulb simulating the sun illuminates the passageway, and we can all experience a simulation of the winter solstice phenomenon itself. As I watched the light making its way into the chamber, I journeyed back to those ancient times, and imagined what awesomeness must have greeted the priests as they stood in this very same spot on Solstice morning, witnessing the magick and the mystery of this event.

Solstice Sun at Newgrange – 2008

(photograph by Cyril Byrne, courtesy of The Irish Times) 

So popular is this highlight of the tour, that a lottery is held every year for a group of lucky individuals to win tickets to experience the actual event itself. During the week of the Winter Solstice (December 18th – December 22rd), a group of lottery winners enter the tomb shortly before sunrise, and have the opportunity to actually experience the sun coming in through the roofbox. This year over 31,000 people entered the lottery…only fifty names were drawn. Each of those fifty lucky winners may bring a guest with them – thus there are ten lottery winners and their guests in the chamber every morning for five days. Unfortunately, one cannot always be guaranteed of a beautiful illumination – it all depends on the weather. Some years the actual Solstice phenomenon could not be witnessed due to clouds blocking the sun, although usually there will be at least one successful illumination during solstice week.

The first group of Newgrange Solstice visitors 2011 welcomed the sun on Sunday, December 18th and were greeted with a beautiful sunrise that broke through a low cloud just in time for the group to view the illumination of the chamber around 9:00 a.m. Irish Time. You can view pictures of such here:

for more pictures, check out the site at http://www.newgrange.com/winter-solstice-2011.htm

You can even view a webcast of the actual Winter Solstice sunrise at Newgrange via a live feed broadcast by Heritage Ireland on December 21st. This broadcast will start around 8:30 a.m. Irish Time – check the time charts to determine what time this would be for your area, as Ireland is five hours ahead of me here in the Eastern Time Zone, meaning that I would have to get up at 3:30 in the morning. Also be aware that due to the large number of expected viewers (over 300,000) there may be some technical difficulties with accessing the site. However, if you want to give it a try, here is a link for more information:

http://www.newgrange.com/webcast.htm

Finally, for those wishing to get a sense of what it feels like to actually stand in the chamber and see the light of illumination, here is a video put together of the Winter Solstice of 2007:

Perhaps one year I will get lucky and be one of those lottery winners standing in the chamber one December morning. But even if that does not happen, I will always cherish my visit to Newgrange, and the journey my own spirit took…through darkness and light, through space and time. I can close my eyes and feel the texture of the stone beneath my hands, my fingertips tracing the lines of ancient carvings.

And it is in this moment that I wish all of you a most blessed Winter Solstice, and a joyous holiday season.

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